Diogenes Laërtius quotes Pherecydes of Syros as spelling the name, Ζάς. It is inflected as follows: vocative: Ζεῦ ( Zeû) accusative: Δία ( Día) genitive: Διός ( Diós) dative: Διί ( Dií). The god's name in the nominative is Ζεύς ( Zeús). Zeus is frequently depicted by Greek artists in one of two poses: standing, striding forward with a thunderbolt leveled in his raised right hand, or seated in majesty. In addition to his Indo-European inheritance, the classical "cloud-gatherer" (Greek: Νεφεληγερέτα, Nephelēgereta) also derives certain iconographic traits from the cultures of the ancient Near East, such as the scepter. Zeus' symbols are the thunderbolt, eagle, bull, and oak. He was respected as an allfather who was chief of the gods and assigned roles to the others: "Even the gods who are not his natural children address him as Father, and all the gods rise in his presence." He was equated with many foreign weather gods, permitting Pausanias to observe "That Zeus is king in heaven is a saying common to all men". These resulted in many divine and heroic offspring, including Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, Persephone, Dionysus, Perseus, Heracles, Helen of Troy, Minos, and the Muses. Zeus was also infamous for his erotic escapades. At the oracle of Dodona, his consort was said to be Dione, by whom the Iliad states that he fathered Aphrodite. In most traditions, he is married to Hera, by whom he is usually said to have fathered Ares, Hebe, and Hephaestus. Zeus is the child of Cronus and Rhea, the youngest of his siblings to be born, though sometimes reckoned the eldest as the others required disgorging from Cronus's stomach. His mythologies and powers are similar, though not identical, to those of Indo-European deities such as Jupiter, Perkūnas, Perun, Indra, Dyaus and Thor. His name is cognate with the first element of his Roman equivalent Jupiter.
#Indra teshub tarhun zeus poseidon bull series#
The Baʿal Cycle series of stories are summarized thus:
The stories are written in Ugaritic, a Northwest Semitic language, and written in a cuneiform consonantal alphabet.The Myth of Baʿal Aliyan and The Death of Baʿal. The Baal Cycle is an cycle of stories about the god. If Baal triumphed, a seven-year cycle of fertility would ensue but, if he were vanquished by Mot, seven years of drought and famine would ensue. In the mythology of Canaan, Baal, the god of life and fertility, locked in mortal combat with Mot, the god of death and sterility. In Phoenician he was called Baal Shamen, Lord of the Heavens.įertility was envisaged in terms of seven-year cycles. In Ugaritic and Hebrew, Baal’s epithet as the storm god was He Who Rides on the Clouds. He was also called the Lord of Rain and Dew, the two forms of moisture that were indispensable for fertile soil in Canaan. Thanks to his huge reign of influence, Baal was designated as the universal god of fertility, and in that capacity his title was Prince, Lord of the Earth. The bull was the symbolic animal of Hadad, as of the Hittite deity Teshub, who was identical with him. DescriptionĪs Baal-Hadad he was represented as a bearded deity, often holding a club and thunderbolt and wearing a horned headdress. Hadad was equated with the Greek god Zeus the Roman god Jupiter, as Jupiter Dolichenus the Norse God Thor the Indo-European Nasite Hittite storm-god Teshub the Egyptian god Amun.īaal Hadad has been connected to the great king Bael and with Beelcezebub the false god of gluttony. All this was part of his fertility role, which, when fulfilled, meant an abundance of crops and fertility for animals and mankind. Ugaritic texts tell of other fertility aspects of Baal, such as his relations with Anat, his consort and sister, and also his siring a divine bull calf from a heifer. He was also king of the gods, and, to achieve that position, he was portrayed as seizing the divine kingship from Yamm, the sea god. But Baal was not exclusively a fertility god. He was worshipped in many ancient Middle Eastern communities, especially among the Canaanites, who apparently considered him a fertility deity and one of the most important gods in the pantheon. Baal is a Semitic title that means Master or Lord.
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